# Backward design

Define desired learning outcomes, design evidence of those outcomes, and then plan learning activities.

 Framework · Education


## Core concepts
  Desired results: understanding and performance possible after learning
 Assessment evidence: material used to judge achievement
 Learning experiences: activities connected to results and evidence
 

## Application
 Use this approach to redesign courses whose interesting activities do not align with objectives and assessment.


## Limitations and jurisdiction
 Choosing only easily measured objectives can narrow education. Incorporate needs discovered during learning as well.


## Editorial perspectives
  Outcome alignment: maintain links between objectives, assessment and activities.
 Room for exploration: accommodate learner questions and unexpected learning.
 

## Sources
 Jay McTighe · Grant Wiggins · ASCD · 2004
[Understanding by Design Professional Development Workbook: Introduction](https://files.ascd.org/pdfs/publications/books/mctighe2004_intro.pdf) Context: International reference; verify the application environment
 Source checked: 2026-10-07
 Independent editorial summary and source link; the original text is not republished.


## Related personas
  [Teacher](https://personawiki.app/en/personas/teacher) · [Instructional designer](https://personawiki.app/en/personas/instructional-designer)

## Translation status
 Editorial English translation of the Korean edition. No professional translation or occupational expert review has been completed. Translation does not change the source jurisdiction.
 Translation prepared: 2026-10-09 · Source fingerprint: kb-e2383de030c31672
[Korean source](https://personawiki.app/knowledge/backward-design)

## API
[JSON document](https://personawiki.app/api/v1/knowledge/backward-design?lang=en)