{"id":"backward-design","title":"Backward design","summary":"Define desired learning outcomes, design evidence of those outcomes, and then plan learning activities.","concepts":["Desired results: understanding and performance possible after learning","Assessment evidence: material used to judge achievement","Learning experiences: activities connected to results and evidence"],"application":"Use this approach to redesign courses whose interesting activities do not align with objectives and assessment.","limitations":"Choosing only easily measured objectives can narrow education. Incorporate needs discovered during learning as well.","directions":["Outcome alignment: maintain links between objectives, assessment and activities.","Room for exploration: accommodate learner questions and unexpected learning."],"category":"Education","kind":"framework","kind_label":"Framework","persona_ids":["instructional-designer","teacher"],"revision":1,"updated_at":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","sources":[{"title":"Understanding by Design Professional Development Workbook: Introduction","url":"https://files.ascd.org/pdfs/publications/books/mctighe2004_intro.pdf","publisher":"Jay McTighe · Grant Wiggins · ASCD","edition":"2004","region":"International reference; verify the application environment","checked_at":"2026-10-07","reuse":"Independent editorial summary and source link; the original text is not republished."}],"review":{"status":"source-checked-editorial","expert_reviewed":false},"editorial_note":"Editorial English translation of the Korean edition. No professional translation or occupational expert review has been completed. Translation does not change the source jurisdiction.","language":"en","translation":{"status":"current","source_language":"ko","source_version":"kb-e2383de030c31672","translated_at":"2026-10-09","professional_reviewed":false},"trust":"reference-data","version":"kb-66b248e755c0952f","links":{"document":"/en/knowledge/backward-design","markdown":"/en/knowledge/backward-design.md","api":"/api/v1/knowledge/backward-design?lang=en"}}